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---
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title: "Formulas"
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description: "Formulas"
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position: 570
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category: "Product"
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menuTitle: "Formulas"
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---
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## Adding formula column
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### 1. Click on '+' (Add column)
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### 2. Populate column Name
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### 3. Select column Type as 'Formula'
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### 4. Insert required formula
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- Can use column names in equation
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- Can use explicit numberical values/ strings as needed
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- Table below lists supported formula & associated syntax
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- Nested formula (formula equation referring to another formula column) are not supported
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### 5. Click on 'Save'
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## Available Formula Features
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### Numeric Functions
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| Name | Syntax | Sample | Output |
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|-------------|----------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| **ABS** | `ABS(value)` | `ABS(Column)` | Absolute value of the input parameter |
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| **ADD** | `ADD(value1,[value2,...])` | `ADD(Column1, Column1)` | Sum of input parameters |
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| **AVG** | `AVG(value1,[value2,...])` | `AVG(Column1, Column1)` | Average of input parameters |
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| **CEILING** | `CEILING(value)` | `CEILING(Column)` | Rounded next largest integer value of input parameter |
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| **EXP** | `EXP(value)` | `EXP(Column)` | Exponential value of input parameter (`e^x`) |
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| **FLOOR** | `FLOOR(value)` | `FLOOR(Column)` | Rounded largest integer less than or equal to input parameter |
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| **INT** | `INT(value)` | `INT(Column)` | Integer value of input parameter |
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| **LOG** | `LOG([base], value)` | `LOG(10, Column)` | Logarithm of input parameter to the base (default = e) specified |
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| **MAX** | `MAX(value1,[value2,...])` | `MAX(Column1, Column2, Column3)` | Maximum value amongst input parameters |
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| **MIN** | `MIN(value1,[value2,...])` | `MIN(Column1, Column2, Column3)` | Minimum value amongst input parameters |
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| **MOD** | `MOD(value1, value2)` | `MOD(Column, 2)` | Remainder after integer division of input parameters |
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| **POWER** | `POWER(base, exponent)` | `POWER(Column, 3)` | `base` to the `exponent` power, as in `base^exponent` |
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| **ROUND** | `ROUND(value)` | `ROUND(Column)` | Nearest integer to the input parameter |
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| **SQRT** | `SQRT(value)` | `SQRT(Column)` | Square root of the input parameter |
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### Numeric Operators
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| Operator | Sample | Description |
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| -------- | ----------------------- | -------------------------------- |
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| `+` | `column1 + column2 + 2` | Addition of numeric values |
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| `-` | `column1 - column2` | Subtraction of numeric values |
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| `*` | `column1 * column2` | Multiplication of numeric values |
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| `/` | `column1 / column2` | Division of numeric values |
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> To change order of arithmetic operation, use round bracket parantheses `()`
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> Example: `(column1 + (column2 * column3) / (3 - column4 ))`
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### String Functions
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| Name | Syntax | Sample | Output |
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|-------------|----------------------------------|---------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| **CONCAT** | `CONCAT(str1, [str2,...])` | `CONCAT(fName, ' ', lName)` | Concatenated string of input parameters |
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| **LEFT** | `LEFT(str1, [str2,...])` | `LEFT(Column, 3)` | `n` characters from the beginning of input parameter |
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| **LEN** | `LEN(str)` | `LEN(Title)` | Input parameter character length |
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| **LOWER** | `LOWER(str)` | `LOWER(Title)` | Lower case converted string of input parameter |
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| **MID** | `SUBTR(str, position, [count])` | `MID(Column, 3, 2)` | Alias for `SUBSTR` |
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| **REPEAT** | `REPEAT(str, count)` | `REPEAT(Column, 2)` | Specified copies of the input parameter string concatenated together |
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| **REPLACE** | `REPLACE(str, srchStr, rplcStr)` | `REPLACE(Column, 'int', 'num')` | String, after replacing all occurrences of `srchStr` with `rplcStr` |
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| **RIGHT** | `RIGHT(str, count)` | `RIGHT(Column, 3)` | `n` characters from the end of input parameter |
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| **SEARCH** | `SEARCH(str, srchStr)` | `SEARCH(Column, 'str')` | Index of `srchStr` specified if found, 0 otherwise |
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| **SUBSTR** | `SUBTR(str, position, [count])` | `SUBSTR(Column, 3, 2)` | Substring of length 'count' of input string, from the postition specified |
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| **TRIM** | `TRIM(str)` | `TRIM(Title)` | Remove trailing and leading whitespaces from input parameter |
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| **UPPER** | `UPPER(str)` | `UPPER(Title)` | Upper case converted string of input parameter |
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| **URL** | `URL(str)` | `URL(Column)` | Convert to a hyperlink if it is a valid URL |
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### Logical Operators
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| Operator | Sample | Description |
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| -------- | -------------------- | ------------------------ |
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| `<` | `column1 < column2` | Less than |
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| `>` | `column1 > column2` | Greater than |
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| `<=` | `column1 <= column2` | Less than or equal to |
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| `>=` | `column1 >= column2` | Greater than or equal to |
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| `==` | `column1 == column2` | Equal to |
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| `!=` | `column1 != column2` | Not equal to |
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### Conditional Expressions
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| Name | Syntax | Sample | Output |
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|------------|------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
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| **IF** | `IF(expr, successCase, [failCase])` | `IF(Column > 1, Value1, Value2)` | successCase if `expr` evaluates to TRUE, elseCase otherwise |
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| **SWITCH** | `SWITCH(expr, [pattern, value, ..., default])` | `SWITCH(Column1, 1, 'One', 2, 'Two', '--')` | Switch case value based on `expr` output |
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| **AND** | `AND(expr1, [expr2,...])` | `AND(Column > 2, Column < 10)` | TRUE if all `expr` evaluate to TRUE |
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| **OR** | `OR(expr1, [expr2,...])` | `OR(Column > 2, Column < 10)` | TRUE if at least one `expr` evaluates to TRUE |
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Logical operators, along with Numerical operators can be used to build conditional `expressions`.
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Examples:
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```bash
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IF(marksSecured > 80, "GradeA", "GradeB")
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```
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```bash
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SWITCH(quarterNumber,
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1, 'Jan-Mar',
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2, 'Apr-Jun',
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3, 'Jul-Sep',
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4, 'Oct-Dec',
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'INVALID'
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)
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```
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