---
title: "Formulas"
description: "Formulas"
position: 570
category: "Product"
menuTitle: "Formulas"
---
## Adding formula column
### 1. Click on '+' (Add column)
### 2. Populate column Name
### 3. Select column Type as 'Formula'
### 4. Insert required formula
- Can use column names in equation
- Can use explicit numberical values/ strings as needed
- Table below lists supported formula & associated syntax
- Nested formula (formula equation referring to another formula column) are not supported
### 5. Click on 'Save'
## Available Formula Features
### Numeric Functions
| Name | Syntax | Sample | Output |
| ----------- | ------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| **ABS** | `ABS(value)` | `ABS(Column)` | Absolute value of the input parameter |
| **ADD** | `ADD(value1,[value2,...])` | `ADD(Column1, Column1)` | Sum of input parameters |
| **AVG** | `AVG(value1,[value2,...])` | `AVG(Column1, Column1)` | Average of input parameters |
| **CEILING** | `CEILING(value)` | `CEILING(Column)` | Rounded next largest integer value of input parameter |
| **EXP** | `EXP(value)` | `EXP(Column)` | Exponential value of input parameter (`e^x`) |
| **FLOOR** | `FLOOR(value)` | `FLOOR(Column)` | Rounded largest integer less than or equal to input parameter |
| **INT** | `INT(value)` | `INT(Column)` | Integer value of input parameter |
| **LOG** | `LOG([base], value)` | `LOG(10, Column)` | Logarithm of input parameter to the base (default = e) specified |
| **MAX** | `MAX(value1,[value2,...])` | `MAX(Column1, Column2, Column3)` | Maximum value amongst input parameters |
| **MIN** | `MIN(value1,[value2,...])` | `MIN(Column1, Column2, Column3)` | Minimum value amongst input parameters |
| **MOD** | `MOD(value1, value2)` | `MOD(Column, 2)` | Remainder after integer division of input parameters |
| **POWER** | `POWER(base, exponent)` | `POWER(Column, 3)` | `base` to the `exponent` power, as in `base^exponent` |
| **ROUND** | `ROUND(value)` | `ROUND(Column)` | Nearest integer to the input parameter |
| **SQRT** | `SQRT(value)` | `SQRT(Column)` | Square root of the input parameter |
| | | | |
### Numeric Operators
| Operator | Sample | Description |
| -------- | ----------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| `+` | `column1 + column2 + 2` | Addition of numeric values |
| `-` | `column1 - column2` | Subtraction of numeric values |
| `*` | `column1 * column2` | Multiplication of numeric values |
| `/` | `column1 / column2` | Division of numeric values |
> To change order of arithmetic operation, use round bracket parantheses `()`
> Example: `(column1 + (column2 * column3) / (3 - column4 ))`
### String Functions
| Name | Syntax | Sample | Output |
| ------- | --------------------------------| ----------------------------------| ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **CONCAT** | `CONCAT(str1, [str2,...])` | `CONCAT(fName, ' ', lName)` | Concatenated string of input parameters |
| **LEFT** | `LEFT(str1, [str2,...])` | `LEFT(Column, 3)` | `n` characters from the beginning of input parameter |
| **LEN** | `LEN(str)` | `LEN(Title)` | Input parameter charachter length |
| **LOWER** | `LOWER(str)` | `LOWER(Title)` | Lower case converted string of input parameter |
| **MID** | `SUBTR(str, position, [count])` | `MID(Column, 3, 2)` | Alias for `SUBSTR` |
| **REPEAT** | `REPEAT(str, count)` | `REPEAT(Column, 2)` | Specified copies of the input parameter string concatenated together |
| **REPLACE** | `REPLACE(str, srchStr, rplcStr)` | `REPLACE(Column, 'int', 'num')` | String, after replacing all occurrences of `srchStr` with `rplcStr` |
| **RIGHT** | `RIGHT(str, count)` | `RIGHT(Column, 3)` | `n` characters from the end of input parameter |
| **SEARCH** | `SEARCH(str, srchStr)` | `SEARCH(Column, 'str')` | Index of `srchStr` specified if found, 0 otherwise |
| **SUBSTR** | `SUBTR(str, position, [count])` | `SUBSTR(Column, 3, 2)` | Substring of length 'count' of input string, from the postition specified |
| **TRIM** | `TRIM(str)` | `TRIM(Title)` | Remove trailing and leading whitespaces from input parameter |
| **UPPER** | `UPPER(str)` | `UPPER(Title)` | Upper case converted string of input parameter |
| | | | |
### Logical Operators
| Operator | Sample | Description |
| -------- | -------------------- | ------------------------ |
| `<` | `column1 < column2` | Less than |
| `>` | `column1 > column2` | Greater than |
| `<=` | `column1 <= column2` | Less than or equal to |
| `>=` | `column1 >= column2` | Greater than or equal to |
| `==` | `column1 == column2` | Equal to |
| `!=` | `column1 != column2` | Not equal to |
### Conditional Expressions
| Name | Syntax | Sample | Output |
| ------- | -----------------------------------------------| --------------------------------------------| ------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **IF** | `IF(expr, successCase, [failCase])` | `IF(Column > 1, Value1, Value2)` | successCase if `expr` evaluates to TRUE, elseCase otherwise |
| **SWITCH** | `SWITCH(expr, [pattern, value, ..., default])` | `SWITCH(Column1, 1, 'One', 2, 'Two', '--')` | Switch case value based on `expr` output |
| **AND** | `AND(expr1, [expr2,...])` | `AND(Column > 2, Column < 10)` | TRUE if all `expr` evaluate to TRUE |
| **OR** | `OR(expr1, [expr2,...])` | `OR(Column > 2, Column < 10)` | TRUE if at least one `expr` evaluates to TRUE |
| | | | |
> Logical operators, along with Numerical operators can be used to build conditional `expressions`.
>
> Example:
> **IF** (marksSecured > 80, "GradeA", "GradeB")
> **SWITCH** (quarterNumber,
> 1, 'Jan-Mar',
> 2, 'Apr-Jun',
> 3, 'Jul-Sep',
> 4, 'Oct-Dec',
> 'INVALID')
