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Image and in-app icons manipulations

What is covered

In this tutorial we will show you how to work with images using Compose for Desktop.

Loading images from resources

Using images from application resources is very simple. Suppose we have a PNG image that is placed in the resources/images directory in our project. For this tutorial we will use the image sample:

import androidx.compose.desktop.Window
import androidx.compose.foundation.Image
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.res.imageResource

fun main() {
    Window {
        Image(
            bitmap = imageResource("sample.png"), // ImageBitmap
            contentDescription = "Sample",
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
        )
    }
}

Loading images from device storage

To create an ImageBitmap from a loaded image stored in the device memory you can use org.jetbrains.skija.Image:

import androidx.compose.desktop.Window
import androidx.compose.foundation.Image
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.ImageBitmap
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.asImageBitmap
import org.jetbrains.skija.Image
import java.io.File

fun main() {
    Window {
        val image = remember { imageFromFile(File("sample.png")) }
        Image(
            bitmap = image,
            contentDescription = "Sample",
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
        )
    }
}

fun imageFromFile(file: File): ImageBitmap {
    return Image.makeFromEncoded(file.readBytes()).asImageBitmap()
}

Drawing raw image data using native canvas

You may want to draw raw image data, in which case you can use Canvas and drawIntoCanvas.

import androidx.compose.desktop.Window
import androidx.compose.foundation.Canvas
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.drawscope.drawIntoCanvas
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.nativeCanvas
import org.jetbrains.skija.Bitmap
import org.jetbrains.skija.ColorAlphaType
import org.jetbrains.skija.IRect
import org.jetbrains.skija.ImageInfo
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
import java.io.File
import javax.imageio.ImageIO

fun main() {
    Window {
        val bitmap = remember { bitmapFromByteArray() }
        Canvas(
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
        ) {
            drawIntoCanvas { canvas ->
                canvas.nativeCanvas.drawBitmapRect(
                    bitmap,
                    IRect(0, 0, bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight()).toRect()
                )
            }
        }
    }
}

fun bitmapFromByteArray(): Bitmap {
    var image: BufferedImage? = null
    try {
        image = ImageIO.read(File("sample.png"))
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        // image file does not exist
    }

    if (image == null) {
        image = BufferedImage(1, 1, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB)
    }
    val pixels = getBytes(image) // assume we only have raw pixels

    // allocate and fill skija Bitmap
    val bitmap = Bitmap()
    bitmap.allocPixels(ImageInfo.makeS32(image.width, image.height, ColorAlphaType.PREMUL))
    bitmap.installPixels(bitmap.getImageInfo(), pixels, (image.width * 4).toLong())

    return bitmap
}

// creating byte array from BufferedImage
private fun getBytes(image: BufferedImage): ByteArray {
    val width = image.width
    val height = image.height

    val buffer = IntArray(width * height)
    image.getRGB(0, 0, width, height, buffer, 0, width)

    val pixels = ByteArray(width * height * 4)

    var index = 0
    for (y in 0 until height) {
        for (x in 0 until width) {
            val pixel = buffer[y * width + x]
            pixels[index++] = ((pixel and 0xFF)).toByte() // Blue component
            pixels[index++] = (((pixel shr 8) and 0xFF)).toByte() // Green component
            pixels[index++] = (((pixel shr 16) and 0xFF)).toByte() // Red component
            pixels[index++] = (((pixel shr 24) and 0xFF)).toByte() // Alpha component
        }
    }

    return pixels
}

Setting the application window icon

You have 2 ways to set icon for window:

Via parameter in Window function (or in AppWindow constructor)

import androidx.compose.desktop.Window
import androidx.compose.foundation.Image
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.ImageBitmap
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.asImageBitmap
import org.jetbrains.skija.Image
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
import java.io.File
import javax.imageio.ImageIO

fun main() {
    val image = getWindowIcon()
    Window(
        icon = image
    ) {
        val imageAsset = remember { asImageAsset(image) }
        Image(
            bitmap = imageAsset,
            contentDescription = "Icon",
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
        )
    }
}

fun getWindowIcon(): BufferedImage {
    var image: BufferedImage? = null
    try {
        image = ImageIO.read(File("sample.png"))
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        // image file does not exist
    }

    if (image == null) {
        image = BufferedImage(1, 1, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB)
    }

    return image
}

fun asImageAsset(image: BufferedImage): ImageBitmap {
    val baos = ByteArrayOutputStream()
    ImageIO.write(image, "png", baos)

    return Image.makeFromEncoded(baos.toByteArray()).asImageBitmap()
}

Using setIcon() method

import androidx.compose.desktop.AppManager
import androidx.compose.desktop.Window
import androidx.compose.foundation.Image
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.ImageBitmap
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.asImageBitmap
import org.jetbrains.skija.Image
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
import java.io.File
import javax.imageio.ImageIO

fun main() {
    val image = getWindowIcon()
    Window {
        val imageAsset = remember { asImageAsset(image) }
        Image(
            bitmap = imageAsset,
            contentDescription = "Icon",
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
        )
    }

    AppManager.focusedWindow?.setIcon(image)
}

fun getWindowIcon(): BufferedImage {
    var image: BufferedImage? = null
    try {
        image = ImageIO.read(File("sample.png"))
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        // image file does not exist
    }

    if (image == null) {
        image = BufferedImage(1, 1, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB)
    }

    return image
}

fun asImageAsset(image: BufferedImage): ImageBitmap {
    val baos = ByteArrayOutputStream()
    ImageIO.write(image, "png", baos)

    return Image.makeFromEncoded(baos.toByteArray()).asImageBitmap()
}

Setting the application tray icon

You can create a tray icon for your application:

import androidx.compose.desktop.AppManager
import androidx.compose.desktop.Window
import androidx.compose.foundation.Image
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.runtime.DisposableEffect
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.ImageBitmap
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.asImageBitmap
import androidx.compose.ui.window.MenuItem
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Tray
import org.jetbrains.skija.Image
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
import java.io.File
import javax.imageio.ImageIO

fun main() {
    val image = getWindowIcon()
    Window {
        DisposableEffect(Unit) {
            val tray = Tray().apply {
                icon(getWindowIcon())
                menu(
                    MenuItem(
                        name = "Quit App",
                        onClick = { AppManager.exit() }
                    )
                )
            }
            onDispose {
                tray.remove()
            }
        }

        val imageAsset = asImageAsset(image)
        Image(
            bitmap = imageAsset,
            contentDescription = "Icon",
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
        )
    }

    val current = AppManager.focusedWindow
    if (current != null) {
        current.setIcon(image)
    }
}

fun getWindowIcon(): BufferedImage {
    var image: BufferedImage? = null
    try {
        image = ImageIO.read(File("sample.png"))
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        // image file does not exist
    }

    if (image == null) {
        image = BufferedImage(1, 1, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB)
    }

    return image
}

fun asImageAsset(image: BufferedImage): ImageBitmap {
    val baos = ByteArrayOutputStream()
    ImageIO.write(image, "png", baos)

    return Image.makeFromEncoded(baos.toByteArray()).asImageBitmap()
}

Loading XML vector images

Compose for Desktop supports XML vector images. XML vector images come from the world of Android. We implemented it on the desktop so we can use common resources in a cross-platform application.

SVG files can be converted to XML with Android Studio or with third-party tools. Suppose we have an XML image placed in the resources/images directory in our project.

SVG example

Converted XML

import androidx.compose.desktop.Window
import androidx.compose.foundation.Image
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.res.vectorXmlResource

fun main() {
    Window {
        Image(
            imageVector = vectorXmlResource("images/compose-logo.xml"),
            contentDescription = "Compose logo",
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
        )
    }
}

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