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Image and in-app icons manipulations

What is covered

In this tutorial we will show you how to work with images using Compose for Desktop.

Loading images from resources

Using images from application resources is very simple. Suppose we have a PNG image that is placed in the resources directory in our project. For this tutorial we will use the image sample:

import androidx.compose.foundation.Image
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.res.painterResource
import androidx.compose.ui.window.singleWindowApplication

fun main() = singleWindowApplication {
    Image(
        painter = painterResource("sample.png"),
        contentDescription = "Sample",
        modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
    )
}

painterResource supports raster (BMP, GIF, HEIF, ICO, JPEG, PNG, WBMP, WebP) and vector formats (SVG, XML vector drawable).

Loading images from device storage or network asynchronously

To load an image stored in the device memory (or from network) you can use loadImageBitmap, loadSvgPainter or loadXmlImageVector. The example below shows how to use them to load an image asynchronously.

import androidx.compose.foundation.Image
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Column
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.width
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.produceState
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.ImageBitmap
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.painter.BitmapPainter
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.painter.Painter
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.vector.ImageVector
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.vector.rememberVectorPainter
import androidx.compose.ui.layout.ContentScale
import androidx.compose.ui.platform.LocalDensity
import androidx.compose.ui.res.loadImageBitmap
import androidx.compose.ui.res.loadSvgPainter
import androidx.compose.ui.res.loadXmlImageVector
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.Density
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import androidx.compose.ui.window.singleWindowApplication
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import org.xml.sax.InputSource
import java.io.File
import java.io.IOException
import java.net.URL

fun main() = singleWindowApplication {
    val density = LocalDensity.current
    Column {
        AsyncImage(
            load = { loadImageBitmap(File("sample.png")) },
            painterFor = { remember { BitmapPainter(it) } },
            contentDescription = "Sample",
            modifier = Modifier.width(200.dp)
        )
        AsyncImage(
            load = { loadSvgPainter("https://github.com/JetBrains/compose-jb/raw/master/artwork/idea-logo.svg", density) },
            painterFor = { it },
            contentDescription = "Idea logo",
            contentScale = ContentScale.FillWidth,
            modifier = Modifier.width(200.dp)
        )
        AsyncImage(
            load = { loadXmlImageVector(File("compose-logo.xml"), density) },
            painterFor = { rememberVectorPainter(it) },
            contentDescription = "Compose logo",
            contentScale = ContentScale.FillWidth,
            modifier = Modifier.width(200.dp)
        )
    }
}

@Composable
fun <T> AsyncImage(
    load: suspend () -> T,
    painterFor: @Composable (T) -> Painter,
    contentDescription: String,
    modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
    contentScale: ContentScale = ContentScale.Fit,
) {
    val image: T? by produceState<T?>(null) {
        value = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
            try {
                load()
            } catch (e: IOException) {
                // instead of printing to console, you can also write this to log,
                // or show some error placeholder
                e.printStackTrace()
                null
            }
        }
    }

    if (image != null) {
        Image(
            painter = painterFor(image!!),
            contentDescription = contentDescription,
            contentScale = contentScale,
            modifier = modifier
        )
    }
}

/* Loading from file with java.io API */

fun loadImageBitmap(file: File): ImageBitmap =
    file.inputStream().buffered().use(::loadImageBitmap)

fun loadSvgPainter(file: File, density: Density): Painter =
    file.inputStream().buffered().use { loadSvgPainter(it, density) }

fun loadXmlImageVector(file: File, density: Density): ImageVector =
    file.inputStream().buffered().use { loadXmlImageVector(InputSource(it), density) }

/* Loading from network with java.net API */

fun loadImageBitmap(url: String): ImageBitmap =
    URL(url).openStream().buffered().use(::loadImageBitmap)

fun loadSvgPainter(url: String, density: Density): Painter =
    URL(url).openStream().buffered().use { loadSvgPainter(it, density) }

fun loadXmlImageVector(url: String, density: Density): ImageVector =
    URL(url).openStream().buffered().use { loadXmlImageVector(InputSource(it), density) }

/* Loading from network with Ktor client API (https://ktor.io/docs/client.html). */

/*

suspend fun loadImageBitmap(url: String): ImageBitmap =
    urlStream(url).use(::loadImageBitmap)

suspend fun loadSvgPainter(url: String, density: Density): Painter =
    urlStream(url).use { loadSvgPainter(it, density) }

suspend fun loadXmlImageVector(url: String, density: Density): ImageVector =
    urlStream(url).use { loadXmlImageVector(InputSource(it), density) }

@OptIn(KtorExperimentalAPI::class)
private suspend fun urlStream(url: String) = HttpClient(CIO).use {
    ByteArrayInputStream(it.get(url))
}

 */

PNG

SVG

XML vector drawable

Drawing images using Canvas

import androidx.compose.foundation.Canvas
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.geometry.Offset
import androidx.compose.ui.geometry.Size
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Paint
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.drawscope.drawIntoCanvas
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.vector.rememberVectorPainter
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.withSave
import androidx.compose.ui.platform.LocalDensity
import androidx.compose.ui.res.loadImageBitmap
import androidx.compose.ui.res.loadSvgPainter
import androidx.compose.ui.res.loadXmlImageVector
import androidx.compose.ui.res.useResource
import androidx.compose.ui.window.singleWindowApplication
import org.xml.sax.InputSource

fun main() = singleWindowApplication {
    val density = LocalDensity.current // to calculate the intrinsic size of vector images (SVG, XML)

    val sample = remember {
        useResource("sample.png", ::loadImageBitmap)
    }
    val ideaLogo = remember {
        useResource("idea-logo.svg") { loadSvgPainter(it, density) }
    }
    val composeLogo = rememberVectorPainter(
        remember {
            useResource("compose-logo.xml") { loadXmlImageVector(InputSource(it), density) }
        }
    )

    Canvas(
        modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
    ) {
        drawIntoCanvas { canvas ->
            canvas.withSave {
                canvas.drawImage(sample, Offset.Zero, Paint())
                canvas.translate(sample.width.toFloat(), 0f)
                with(ideaLogo) {
                    draw(ideaLogo.intrinsicSize)
                }
                canvas.translate(ideaLogo.intrinsicSize.width, 0f)
                with(composeLogo) {
                    draw(Size(100f, 100f))
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

PNG

SVG

XML vector drawable

Setting the application window icon

You can set the icon for the window via parameter in the Window function.

Note that to change the icon on the taskbar on some OS (macOs), you should change icon in build.gradle

import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.draw.paint
import androidx.compose.ui.res.painterResource
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application

fun main() = application {
    val icon = painterResource("sample.png")
    Window(
        onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication,
        icon = icon
    ) {
        Box(Modifier.paint(icon).fillMaxSize())
    }
}

In case of singleWindowApplication usage, you can use the following approach:

import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.painter.BitmapPainter
import androidx.compose.ui.res.loadImageBitmap
import androidx.compose.ui.res.useResource
import androidx.compose.ui.window.singleWindowApplication

fun main() {
    val icon = BitmapPainter(useResource("sample.png", ::loadImageBitmap))
    singleWindowApplication(icon = icon) {
        Text("Hello World!")
    }
}

Setting the application tray icon

You can create a tray icon for your application:

import androidx.compose.foundation.Image
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.res.painterResource
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Tray
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application

fun main() = application {
    val icon = painterResource("sample.png")

    Tray(
        icon = icon,
        menu = {
            Item("Quit App", onClick = ::exitApplication)
        }
    )

    Window(onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication, icon = icon) {
        Image(
            painter = icon,
            contentDescription = "Icon",
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()
        )
    }
}

Loading image resources in commonMain

Currently, Compose Multiplatform doesn't support loading resources from commonMain sourceSet. You can track this feature here.

Until then, there is a workaround for loading resources from commonMain/resources folder: build.gradle commonMain desktopMain androidMain

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