web: add a tutorial for DomSideEffect (#975)

* web: add a tutorial for DomSideEffect

* web: add a tutorial for DomSideEffect (edits)

Co-authored-by: Oleksandr Karpovich <oleksandr.karpovich@jetbrains.com>

tutorials/Web/Using_Effects/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+# Using Effects in Compose Web
+**The API is not finalized, and breaking changes can be expected**
+
+## Introduction
+Compose for Web introduces a few dom-specific effects on top of [existing effects from Compose](https://developer.android.com/jetpack/compose/side-effects).
+
+
+### ref in AttrsBuilder
+
+Under the hood, `ref` uses [DisposableEffect](https://developer.android.com/jetpack/compose/side-effects#disposableeffect)
+
+`ref` can be used to retrieve a reference to a html element.
+The lambda that `ref` takes in is not Composable. It will be called only once when an element added into a composition.
+Likewise, the lambda passed in `onDispose` will be called only once when an element leaves the composition.
+
+``` kotlin
+Div(attrs = {
+    ref { htmlDivElement ->
+       // htmlDivElement is a reference to the HTMLDivElement
+       onDispose {
+          // add clean up code here
+       }
+    }
+}) {
+    // Content()
+}
+```
+
+Only one `ref` can be used per element. Calling it more than once will dismiss earlier calls.
+
+For example, `ref` can be used to add and remove some event listeners not provided by compose-web from the box.
+
+### DisposableRefEffect
+
+Under the hood, `DisposableRefEffect` uses [DisposableEffect](https://developer.android.com/jetpack/compose/side-effects#disposableeffect)
+
+`DisposableRefEffect` is similar to `ref`, since it also provides a reference to an element. At the same time it has few differences.
+
+- `DisposableRefEffect` can be added only within a content lambda of an element, while `ref` can be used only in `attrs` scope.
+- Unlike `ref`, `DisposableRefEffect` can be used as many times as needed and every effect will be unique.
+- DisposableRefEffect can be used with a `key` and without it.  When it's used with a `key: Any`, the effect will be disposed and reset when `key` value changes. When it's used without a key, then it behaves like `ref` - the effect gets called only once when an element enters the composition, and it's disposed only when the element leaves the composition.
+
+
+``` kotlin
+Div {
+    // without a key
+    DisposableRefEffect { htmlDivElement ->
+        // htmlDivElement is a reference to the HTMLDivElement
+        onDispose {
+            // add clean up code here
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+var state by remember { mutableStateOf(1) }
+
+Div {
+    // with a key. 
+    // The effect will be called for every new state's value
+    DisposableRefEffect(state) { htmlDivElement ->
+        // htmlDivElement is a reference to the HTMLDivElement
+        onDispose {
+            // add clean up code here
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### DomSideEffect
+
+Under the hood, `DomSideEffect` uses [SideEffect](https://developer.android.com/jetpack/compose/side-effects#sideeffect-publish)
+
+`DomSideEffect` as well as `DisposableRefEffect` can be used with a key and without it.
+
+Unlike `DisposableRefEffect`, `DomSideEffect` without a key is invoked on every successful recomposition. 
+With a `key`, it will be invoked only when the `key` value changes.
+
+Same as [SideEffect](https://developer.android.com/jetpack/compose/side-effects#sideeffect-publish), `DomSideEffect` can be helpful when there is a need to update objects not managed by Compose.
+In case of web, it often involves updating HTML nodes, therefore `DomSideEffect` provides a reference to an element in the lambda.
+
+### Code Sample using effects
+
+The code below showcases how it's possible to use non-composable components in Compose by applying `DomSideEffect` and `DisposableRefEffect`.
+
+```kotlin
+import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
+import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
+import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
+import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
+import kotlinx.browser.document
+import org.jetbrains.compose.web.css.*
+import org.jetbrains.compose.web.dom.*
+import org.jetbrains.compose.web.renderComposable
+import org.w3c.dom.HTMLElement
+import org.w3c.dom.HTMLParagraphElement
+
+
+// Here we pretend that `RedBoldTextNotComposableRenderer`
+// wraps a UI logic provided by 3rd party library that doesn't use Compose
+
+object RedBoldTextNotComposableRenderer {
+    fun unmountFrom(root: HTMLElement) {
+        root.removeChild(root.firstChild!!)
+    }
+
+    fun mountIn(root: HTMLElement) {
+        val pElement = document.createElement("p") as HTMLParagraphElement
+        pElement.setAttribute("style", "color: red; font-weight: bold;")
+        root.appendChild(pElement)
+    }
+
+    fun renderIn(root: HTMLElement, text: String) {
+        (root.firstChild as HTMLParagraphElement).innerText = text
+    }
+}
+
+// Here we define a Composable wrapper for the above code. Here we use DomSideEffect and DisposableRefEffect. 
+@Composable // @param `show: Boolean` was left here intentionally for the sake of the example
+fun ComposableWrapperForRedBoldTextFrom3rdPartyLib(state: Int, show: Boolean) {
+    Div(attrs = {
+        style {
+            backgroundColor(Color.lightgray)
+            width(100.px)
+            minHeight(40.px)
+            padding(30.px)
+        }
+    }) {
+        if (!show) {
+            Text("No content rendered by the 3rd party library")
+        }
+
+        Div {
+            if (show) {
+                // Update the content rendered by "non-compose library" according to the `state`
+                DomSideEffect(state) { div ->
+                    RedBoldTextNotComposableRenderer.renderIn(div, "Value = $state")
+                }
+            }
+
+            DisposableRefEffect(show) { div ->
+                if (show) {
+                    // Let "non-compose library" control the part of the page.
+                    // The content of this div is independent of Compose. 
+                    // It will be managed by RedBoldTextNotComposableRenderer 
+                    RedBoldTextNotComposableRenderer.mountIn(div)
+                }
+                onDispose {
+                    if (show) {
+                        // Clean up the html created/managed by "non-compose library"
+                        RedBoldTextNotComposableRenderer.unmountFrom(div)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fun main() {
+    var state by mutableStateOf(0)
+    var showUncontrolledElements by mutableStateOf(false)
+
+    renderComposable(rootElementId = "root") {
+
+        ComposableWrapperForRedBoldTextFrom3rdPartyLib(state = state, show = showUncontrolledElements)
+
+        Div {
+            Label(forId = "checkbox") {
+                Text("Show/hide text rendered by 3rd party library")
+            }
+
+            CheckboxInput(checked = false) {
+                id("checkbox")
+                onInput {
+                    showUncontrolledElements = it.value
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Button(attrs = {
+            onClick { state += 1 }
+        }) {
+            Text("Incr. count ($state)")
+        }
+    }
+}
+```

web/core/src/jsTest/kotlin/DomSideEffectTests.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 package org.jetbrains.compose.web.core.tests
 
-import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
+import androidx.compose.runtime.*
-import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
-import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
-import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
 import org.jetbrains.compose.web.dom.Div
 import org.jetbrains.compose.web.renderComposable
 import kotlinx.browser.document
@@ -109,4 +106,41 @@ class DomSideEffectTests {
         assertEquals(1, onDisposeCalledTimes)
         assertEquals(expected = "<div></div>", actual = root.outerHTML)
     }
-}
+
+    @Test
+    fun sideEffectsOrder() = runTest {
+        var effectsList = mutableListOf<String>()
+
+        var key = 1
+        var recomposeScope: RecomposeScope? = null
+
+        composition {
+            recomposeScope = currentRecomposeScope
+
+            Div {
+                DomSideEffect(key) {
+                    effectsList.add("DomSideEffect")
+                }
+                DisposableRefEffect(key) {
+                    effectsList.add("DisposableRefEffect")
+                    onDispose {  }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(2, effectsList.size)
+        assertEquals("DisposableRefEffect", effectsList[0])
+        assertEquals("DomSideEffect", effectsList[1])
+
+        key = 2
+        recomposeScope?.invalidate()
+
+        waitForAnimationFrame()
+
+        assertEquals(4, effectsList.size)
+        assertEquals("DisposableRefEffect", effectsList[0])
+        assertEquals("DomSideEffect", effectsList[1])
+        assertEquals("DisposableRefEffect", effectsList[2])
+        assertEquals("DomSideEffect", effectsList[3])
+    }
+}