diff --git a/core/engine/src/builtins/eval/mod.rs b/core/engine/src/builtins/eval/mod.rs
index 1555473f6f..7c592d6cfb 100644
--- a/core/engine/src/builtins/eval/mod.rs
+++ b/core/engine/src/builtins/eval/mod.rs
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ impl Eval {
             }
         });
 
-        let var_environment = context.vm.environments.outer_function_environment();
+        let var_environment = context.vm.environments.outer_function_environment().clone();
         let mut var_env = var_environment.compile_env();
 
         let lex_env = context.vm.environments.current_compile_environment();
diff --git a/core/engine/src/builtins/function/arguments.rs b/core/engine/src/builtins/function/arguments.rs
index c21b544a3c..e863058223 100644
--- a/core/engine/src/builtins/function/arguments.rs
+++ b/core/engine/src/builtins/function/arguments.rs
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ impl MappedArguments {
         binding_indices: &[Option<u32>],
         arguments_list: &[JsValue],
         env: &Gc<DeclarativeEnvironment>,
-        context: &mut Context,
+        context: &Context,
     ) -> JsObject {
         // 1. Assert: formals does not contain a rest parameter, any binding patterns, or any initializers.
         // It may contain duplicate identifiers.
diff --git a/core/engine/src/environments/runtime/mod.rs b/core/engine/src/environments/runtime/mod.rs
index b72512a589..ed67f32f7a 100644
--- a/core/engine/src/environments/runtime/mod.rs
+++ b/core/engine/src/environments/runtime/mod.rs
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@ impl EnvironmentStack {
     }
 
     /// Gets the current global environment.
-    pub(crate) fn global(&self) -> Gc<DeclarativeEnvironment> {
-        let env = self.stack[0].clone();
+    pub(crate) fn global(&self) -> &Gc<DeclarativeEnvironment> {
+        let env = &self.stack[0];
 
         match env {
-            Environment::Declarative(ref env) => env.clone(),
+            Environment::Declarative(ref env) => env,
             Environment::Object(_) => {
                 unreachable!("first environment should be the global environment")
             }
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl EnvironmentStack {
     }
 
     /// Gets the next outer function environment.
-    pub(crate) fn outer_function_environment(&self) -> Gc<DeclarativeEnvironment> {
+    pub(crate) fn outer_function_environment(&self) -> &Gc<DeclarativeEnvironment> {
         for env in self
             .stack
             .iter()
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl EnvironmentStack {
             .rev()
         {
             if let DeclarativeEnvironmentKind::Function(_) = &env.kind() {
-                return env.clone();
+                return env;
             }
         }
         self.global()
@@ -288,11 +288,10 @@ impl EnvironmentStack {
     ///
     /// Panics if no environment exists on the stack.
     #[track_caller]
-    pub(crate) fn current(&self) -> Environment {
+    pub(crate) fn current_ref(&self) -> &Environment {
         self.stack
             .last()
             .expect("global environment must always exist")
-            .clone()
     }
 
     /// Get the compile environment for the current runtime environment.
@@ -502,7 +501,7 @@ impl Context {
     /// are completely removed of runtime checks because the specification guarantees that runtime
     /// semantics cannot add or remove lexical bindings.
     pub(crate) fn find_runtime_binding(&mut self, locator: &mut BindingLocator) -> JsResult<()> {
-        let current = self.vm.environments.current();
+        let current = self.vm.environments.current_ref();
         if let Some(env) = current.as_declarative() {
             if !env.with() && !env.poisoned() {
                 return Ok(());
@@ -553,7 +552,7 @@ impl Context {
         &mut self,
         locator: &BindingLocator,
     ) -> JsResult<Option<JsObject>> {
-        let current = self.vm.environments.current();
+        let current = self.vm.environments.current_ref();
         if let Some(env) = current.as_declarative() {
             if !env.with() {
                 return Ok(None);
diff --git a/core/engine/src/module/source.rs b/core/engine/src/module/source.rs
index f136b3c47c..81c204ec07 100644
--- a/core/engine/src/module/source.rs
+++ b/core/engine/src/module/source.rs
@@ -1665,7 +1665,7 @@ impl SourceTextModule {
                     BindingName::Name(name) => context
                         .vm
                         .environments
-                        .current()
+                        .current_ref()
                         .declarative_expect()
                         .kind()
                         .as_module()
@@ -1704,7 +1704,7 @@ impl SourceTextModule {
 
         let env = frame
             .environments
-            .current()
+            .current_ref()
             .as_declarative()
             .cloned()
             .expect("frame must have a declarative environment");
diff --git a/core/engine/src/module/synthetic.rs b/core/engine/src/module/synthetic.rs
index 81446866bf..330b57995c 100644
--- a/core/engine/src/module/synthetic.rs
+++ b/core/engine/src/module/synthetic.rs
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ impl SyntheticModule {
         }
 
         let env = envs
-            .current()
+            .current_ref()
             .as_declarative()
             .cloned()
             .expect("should have the module environment");
diff --git a/core/engine/src/vm/opcode/arguments.rs b/core/engine/src/vm/opcode/arguments.rs
index 92a8656052..8149c84e1d 100644
--- a/core/engine/src/vm/opcode/arguments.rs
+++ b/core/engine/src/vm/opcode/arguments.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ impl Operation for CreateMappedArgumentsObject {
         let code = context.vm.frame().code_block().clone();
         let args = context.vm.frame().arguments(&context.vm).to_vec();
 
-        let env = context.vm.environments.current();
+        let env = context.vm.environments.current_ref();
         let arguments = MappedArguments::new(
             &function_object,
             &code.mapped_arguments_binding_indices,