Jayway JsonPath (1.0.0)

A Java DSL for reading JSON documents.

Jayway JsonPath is a Java port of Stefan Goessner JsonPath implementation.

News

26 Sep 2014 - JsonPath 1.0.0 was released

Getting Started

JsonPath is available at the Central Maven Repository. Maven users add this to your POM.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
    <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>

JsonPath expressions always refer to a JSON structure in the same way as XPath expression are used in combination with an XML document. The "root member object" in JsonPath is always referred to as $ regardless if it is an object or array.

JsonPath expressions can use the dot–notation

$.store.book[0].title

or the bracket–notation

$['store']['book'][0]['title']

Operators

Operator	Description
$	The root element to query. This starts all path expressions.
@	The current node being processed by a filter predicate.
*	Wildcard. Available anywhere a name or numeric are required.
..	Deep scan. Available anywhere a name is required.
.<name>	Dot-notated child
['<name>' (, '<name>')]	Bracket-notated child or children
[<number> (, <number>)]	Array index or indexes
[start:end]	Array slice operator
[?(<expression>)]	Filter expression. Expression must evaluate to a boolean value.

Path Examples

Given the json

{
    "store": {
        "book": [
            {
                "category": "reference",
                "author": "Nigel Rees",
                "title": "Sayings of the Century",
                "price": 8.95
            },
            {
                "category": "fiction",
                "author": "Evelyn Waugh",
                "title": "Sword of Honour",
                "price": 12.99
            },
            {
                "category": "fiction",
                "author": "Herman Melville",
                "title": "Moby Dick",
                "isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
                "price": 8.99
            },
            {
                "category": "fiction",
                "author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",
                "title": "The Lord of the Rings",
                "isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
                "price": 22.99
            }
        ],
        "bicycle": {
            "color": "red",
            "price": 19.95
        }
    },
    "expensive": 10
}

JsonPath (click link to try)	Result
$.store.book[*].author	The authors of all books
$..author	All authors
$.store.*	All things, both books and bicycles
$.store..price	The price of everything
$..book[2]	The third book
$..book[(@.length-1)]	The last book
$..book[0,1]	The first two books
$..book[:2]	All books from index 0 (inclusive) until index 2 (exclusive)
$..book[1:2]	All books from index 1 (inclusive) until index 2 (exclusive)
$..book[-2:]	Last two books
$..book[2:]	Book number two from tail
$..book[?(@.isbn)]	All books with an ISBN number
$.store.book[?(@.price < 10)]	All books in store cheaper than 10
$..book[?(@.price <= $['expensive'])]	All books in store that are not "expensive"
$..*	Give me every thing

Reading a Document

The simplest most straight forward way to use JsonPath is via the static read API.

String json = "...";

List<String> authors = JsonPath.read(json, "$.store.book[*].author");

If you only want to read once this is OK. In case you need to read an other path as well this is not the way to go since the document will be parsed every time you call JsonPath.read(...). To avoid the problem you can parse the json first.

String json = "...";
Object document = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(json);

String author0 = JsonPath.read(document, "$.store.book[0].author");
String author1 = JsonPath.read(document, "$.store.book[1].author");

JsonPath also provides a fluent API. This is also the most flexible one.

String json = "...";

ReadContext ctx = JsonPath.parse(json);

List<String> authorsOfBooksWithISBN = ctx.read("$.store.book[?(@.isbn)].author");


List<Map<String, Object>> expensiveBooks = JsonPath
                            .using(configuration)
                            .parse(json)
                            .read("$.store.book[?(@.price > 10)]", List.class);

All read operations are overloaded and also supports compiled JsonPath objects. This can be useful from a performance perspective if the same path is to be executed many times.

JsonPath compiledPath = JsonPath.compile("$.store.book[1].author");

String author2 = JsonPath.read(document, compiledPath);

What is Returned When?

When using JsonPath in java its important to know what type you expect in your result. JsonPath will automatically try to cast the result to the type expected by the invoker.

//Will throw an java.lang.ClassCastException    
List<String> list = JsonPath.parse(json).read("$.store.book[0].author")

//Works fine
String author = JsonPath.parse(json).read("$.store.book[0].author")

When evaluating a path you need to understand the concept of when a path is definite. A path is indefinite if it contains:

• .. - a deep scan operator
• ?(<expression>) - an expression
• [<number>, <number> (, <number>)] - multiple array indexes
• ['<name>', '<name>' (, '<name>')] - multiple object properties

Indefinite paths always returns a list.

By default a simple object mapper is provided by the MappingProvider SPI. This allows you to specify the return type you want and the MappingProvider will try to perform the mapping. In the example below mapping between Long and Date is demonstrated.

String json = "{\"date_as_long\" : 1411455611975}";

Date date = JsonPath.parse(json).read("$['date_as_long']", Date.class);

If you configure JsonPath to use the JacksonMappingProvider you can even map your JsonPath output directly into POJO's.

Book book = JsonPath.parse(json).read("$.store.book[0]", Book.class);

Predicates

There are three different ways to create filter predicates in JsonPath.

###Inline Predicates

Inline predicates are the ones defined in the path.

List<Map<String, Object>> books =  JsonPath.parse(json).read("$.store.book[?(@.price < 10)]");

In the current implementation you can use && to combine multiple predicates [?(@.price < 10 && @.category == 'fiction')]. OR operations are not supported in inline predicates yet.

###Filter Predicates

Predicates can be built using the Filter API as shown below:

import static com.jayway.jsonpath.JsonPath.parse;
import static com.jayway.jsonpath.Criteria.where;
import static com.jayway.jsonpath.Filter.filter;
...
...

Filter cheapFictionFilter = filter(where("category").is("fiction").and("price").lte(10D));

List<Map<String, Object>> books =  parse(json).read("$.store.book[?]", cheapFictionFilter);

Notice the placeholder ? for the filter in the path. When multiple filters are provided they are applied in order where the number of placeholders must match the number of provided filters. You can specify multiple predicate placeholders in one filter operation [?, ?], both predicates must match.

Filters can also be combined with 'OR' and 'AND'

Filter fooOrBar = filter(where("foo").exists(true)).or(where("bar").exists(true));
Filter fooAndBar = filter(where("foo").exists(true)).and(where("bar").exists(true));

###Roll Your Own

Third option is to implement your own predicates

Predicate booksWithISBN = new Predicate() {
    @Override
    public boolean apply(PredicateContext ctx) {
        return ctx.item(Map.class).containsKey("isbn");
    }
};

List<Map<String, Object>> books = reader.read("$.store.book[?].isbn", List.class, booksWithISBN);

Path vs Value

In the Goessner implementation a JsonPath can return either Path or Value. Value is the default and what all the exaples above are reuturning. If you rather have the path of the elements our query is hitting this can be acheived with an option.

Configuration conf = Configuration.builder().options(Option.AS_PATH_LIST).build();

List<String> pathList = using(conf).parse(json).read("$..author");

assertThat(pathList).containsExactly(
    "$['store']['book'][0]['author']",
    "$['store']['book'][1]['author']",
    "$['store']['book'][2]['author']",
    "$['store']['book'][3]['author']");

Tweaking Configuration

###Options When creating your Configuration there are a few option flags that can alter the default behaviour.

DEFAULT_PATH_LEAF_TO_NULL
This option makes JsonPath return null for missing leafs. Consider the following json

[
   {
      "name" : "john",
      "gender" : "male"
   },
   {
      "name" : "ben"
   }
]

Configuration conf = Configuration.defaultConfiguration();

//Works fine
String gender0 = JsonPath.using(conf).read(json, "$[0]['gender']");
//PathNotFoundException thrown
String gender1 = JsonPath.using(conf).read(json, "$[1]['gender']");

Configuration conf2 = conf.addOptions(Option.DEFAULT_PATH_LEAF_TO_NULL);

//Works fine
String gender0 = JsonPath.using(conf2).read(json, "$[0]['gender']");
//Works fine (null is returned)
String gender1 = JsonPath.using(conf2).read(json, "$[1]['gender']");

ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST
This option configures JsonPath to return a list even when the path is definite.

Configuration conf = Configuration.defaultConfiguration();

//Works fine
List<String> genders0 = JsonPath.using(conf).read(json, "$[0]['gender']");
//PathNotFoundException thrown
List<String> genders1 = JsonPath.using(conf).read(json, "$[1]['gender']");

SUPPRESS_EXCEPTIONS
This option makes sure no exceptions are propagated from path evaluation. It follows these simple rules:

• If option ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST is present an empty list will be returned
• If option ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST is NOT present null returned

###JsonProvider

JsonPath is shipped with three different JsonProviders:

• JsonSmartJsonProvider (default)
• JacksonJsonProvider
• GsonJsonProvider (experimental)

Changing the configuration defaults as demonstrated should only be done when your application is being initialized. Changes during runtime is strongly discouraged, especially in multi threaded applications.

Configuration.setDefaults(new Configuration.Defaults() {

    private final JsonProvider jsonProvider = new JacksonJsonProvider();
      
    @Override
    public JsonProvider jsonProvider() {
        return jsonProvider;
    }

    @Override
    public MappingProvider mappingProvider() {
        return new JacksonMappingProvider();
    }
    
    @Override
    public Set<Option> options() {
        return EnumSet.noneOf(Option.class);
    }
});

Note that the JacksonJsonProvider requires com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.4.1.3 and the GsonJsonProvider requires com.google.code.gson:gson:2.3 on your classpath.